Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). It can lead to both short-term (acute) and long-term (chronic) liver disease, and in some cases, it may lead to liver failure, cirrhosis or liver cancer. The good news? You can protect yourself with the Hepatitis B vaccine in Plymouth, now available at King Street Pharmacy in Stonehouse.
Book your Hepatitis B vaccine online now with King Street Pharmacy.
What Is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that targets the liver. The term “hepatitis” refers to liver inflammation. While other factors such as alcohol abuse, toxins and autoimmune disorders can cause hepatitis, HBV is one of the most common infectious causes worldwide.
The virus travels through the bloodstream and attacks liver cells, potentially causing long-term liver damage if not managed properly.
What Does the Liver Do and Why Is It Important?
Your liver plays a central role in maintaining your health. It:
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Stores energy (glycogen) from sugars
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Processes fats and proteins
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Helps your blood to clot
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Breaks down toxins, including alcohol and medications
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Produces bile to digest fat
When inflamed or damaged due to hepatitis B, these essential functions are compromised.
How Common Is Hepatitis B?
In the UK, chronic hepatitis B affects about 0.3% of the population (approximately 3 in every 1,000 people). There are around 380 new infections reported each year. Globally, the numbers are much higher—especially in regions like Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 10% of the population may be infected.
How Is Hepatitis B Transmitted?
Hepatitis B is highly contagious. The virus spreads through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. Key transmission methods include:
1. Mother-to-Child Transmission
Often occurs during childbirth, especially in high-prevalence areas.
2. Unprotected Sex
Even oral sex can transmit HBV. Many carriers may not realize they’re infected, making transmission more likely.
3. Sharing Needles or Injecting Equipment
A common route of infection among people who inject drugs.
4. Exposure to Infected Blood
This includes needlestick injuries, sharing razors or toothbrushes, or unsafe tattooing and body piercing practices.
✅ Note: Hepatitis B is not spread through casual contact like hugging, kissing, or sharing food or drinks.
Recognising Hepatitis B Symptoms
Hepatitis B can progress in two phases: acute and chronic.
Acute Hepatitis B Symptoms
Symptoms appear 1-6 months after exposure and may include:
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Fatigue
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Nausea and vomiting
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Fever
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Abdominal pain
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Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)
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Dark urine and pale stools
Many people, especially infants, show no symptoms during the acute phase.
Chronic Hepatitis B
In about 4% of infected adults (and up to 90% of infants), HBV becomes a long-term infection. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to:
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Liver inflammation
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Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
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Liver cancer
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Liver failure
Some people remain symptom-free for years but are still contagious.
How Is Hepatitis B Diagnosed?
Hepatitis B is diagnosed using a simple blood test that detects HBV surface antigens (HBsAg). Additional tests may include:
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Liver function tests
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Ultrasound of the liver
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Liver biopsy
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Viral load and immune response testing
These tests help assess liver damage and decide on the best treatment options.
Hepatitis B Treatment Options
There is no cure for hepatitis B, but treatments can manage the virus and prevent liver damage.
Acute Hepatitis B Treatment
Typically involves supportive care—hydration, rest, and monitoring. Severe cases may require hospitalisation.
Chronic Hepatitis B Treatment
Managed with long-term medication, including:
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Antiviral medications (e.g., Tenofovir, Entecavir)
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Interferon injections to boost immune response
Treatment plans are tailored by liver specialists and may span several years. Regular monitoring is essential.
Side Effects of Hepatitis B Medication
While effective, hepatitis B medications may cause side effects such as:
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Fatigue
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Nausea
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Headaches
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Bone thinning
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Resistance over time (requiring a switch in meds)
Doctors closely monitor patients to manage side effects and adjust treatment as needed.
Liver Transplant for Advanced Hepatitis B
In cases of severe cirrhosis or liver failure, a liver transplant may be necessary. Although the transplant can be life-saving, the hepatitis B virus can still affect the new liver over time.
Healthy Living with Hepatitis B
If you have Hepatitis B:
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Eat a balanced, healthy diet
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Avoid alcohol—it accelerates liver damage
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Limit over-the-counter medications unless approved by your doctor
The Importance of the Hepatitis B Vaccine in Plymouth
Who Should Get the Hepatitis B Vaccine?
The Hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective way to protect yourself and others. It’s recommended for:
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Newborns and infants
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Healthcare workers
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People with multiple sexual partners
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Those who inject drugs
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Household contacts of infected individuals
At King Street Pharmacy, we offer the Hepatitis B vaccine in Plymouth for eligible individuals.
What If You’ve Been Exposed?
If you’ve been exposed to HBV and haven’t been vaccinated, you may be given Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) along with the vaccine to reduce your risk of infection.
How to Prevent Hepatitis B Transmission
If you’re HBV-positive, you can still take steps to protect others including:
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Use condoms during sex
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Don’t share needles or personal items
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Don’t donate blood, semen or organs
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Cover any wounds and disinfect blood spills with bleach
Book Your Hepatitis B Vaccine in Plymouth Today
Don’t wait to protect your health. If you live in or near Plymouth, you can easily book your Hepatitis B vaccine online at King Street Pharmacy in Stonehouse.
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